Money & direction flow down ▼; value & information flow up ▲. Risk spans every level; OPM wraps the whole thing; Business Analysis runs across it finding the right problem & proving value.
| Pair | The difference |
|---|---|
| Project / Program / Portfolio | output · related→benefits · aligned→mix |
| Output / Outcome / Benefit / Value | thing made · change · gain · worth |
| Risk vs Issue | future & uncertain · now & certain |
| Threat vs Opportunity | negative risk · positive risk |
| Validation vs Verification | right thing · thing right |
| Contingency vs Mgmt reserve | known, PM · unknown, management |
| Pair | The difference |
|---|---|
| Qualitative vs Quantitative | subjective P×I · numeric model |
| Appetite / Tolerance / Threshold | willing · acceptable variation · trigger |
| Predictive vs Adaptive | stable, plan-driven · uncertain, iterative |
| Leading vs Lagging | predicts · confirms |
| Accuracy vs Precision | close to true · repeatable |
| Roadmap vs Schedule | why-when · what-when |